WALTER OSGOOD HART:36TH WISCONSIN
The 36th was a regiment who arrived on the Virginia front in mid May of 1864. Mr. Hart,a surgeon's assistent offers a clear glimpse into life in the trenches. Enjoy.
"One day as he was passing in front of the battery of siege guns, which was some distance in the rear of the front lines, he was startled by the firing of one of them. Looking in the direction which the sound of the shell cutting the air indicated, he saw Confederates on top of their breast works repairing them.
They jumped down to places of safety and the shot made the dirt fly right where they had been at work. They came up again and went to work lively with their shovels, but another gun fired and they hunted their holes again. This shot also hit its mark, and so it went for a little while.
Sometimes Plodder would stand near Fort Rice and watch the fun. A few of our men would stand on top of the works to draw the enemy's fire. When they saw the flash of the cannon, they hunted their holes with laughing and cheers. Plodder saw the shells drop into the ground many rods short of the mark and explode, throwing up a cloud of dirt. Up the men came again and stood till they saw the next flash. This time the shell fell a little nearer the works but farther to one side. This was repeated several times, but every time the shells fell harmless and far from their mark. On his way to the front he had to cross a certain knoll, and when he failed to crouch low enough he would hear a sharpshooter's bullet whiz past him, but none ever hit him."
Monday, January 23, 2012
Tuesday, January 17, 2012
The rest of the orders: Last orders of the ANV
Below are the last of the orders from the ANV command that I found at the Wisconsin HIstorical Society. Reading between the lines is one of my favorite aspects of reading material such as this. I can almost hear the desperation boiling under the veneer of professionalism. Enjoy.
NOTE: the lines seperate the orders.
On the road to Farmeville
April 6th 1865
General,
I have the honor to report that telegraphic communication is open to Farmville to Lynchburg No enemy has been to the former and none reported to be in that vicinity.
M.W. Gary
Brig Gen
Lt Genl Longstreet
Comdg Corps 1
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Hd Qu’rs Longstreet’s Corp
April 7-1865
Gol W.H. Taylor
A.A.G. A.N.Va
I desire you to know whether there is any cavalry on this side & if there is that you will order it to report to me- What effect will the presence of the enemy on my flank make on my movements?
Very Respectfully
(Sgd)) Jas Longstreet
Lieut Genl
Official
W.H. Palmer
a.a.g.
(ON REVERSE)
Lieut Col. W.H. Taylor
A.A.Gnl
ANVa
General,
There is cavalry here, not the whole, but Gen Fitz Lee is here fighting the enemy’s cavalry with part of his & has driven it back & captured Gen Gregg.
The other cavalry under WH Lee is on your left flank, Fitz Lee being on your right.
Very Respy
RE Lee
Gn
---------------------------------------------------
Hq Qurs Longstreets Command
April 7 1865
This command will be withdrawn by retiring Field’s front to the hight ground in rear of the road. As he retires Gn’l Mahone will retire his right and Gen’l’s Heth & Wilcox their left. After Gn’l Fields has taken his new position Heth Wilcox & Mahone will withdraw their commands by filing around below this postion of Gn’l Fields, retiring by the rout taken by the Army & opposite the rear of Gn’l Fields center. The Artillery on the line will be withdrawn first and placed near the rout by which we are to follow the Army.
As soon as Gen’ls Heth, Wilcox,& Mahone have taken up the line of march in the rear of Gn’l Field and passed sufficiently far to allow Gn’l Field to file off to the rear, Gn’l Field will follow the march bringing with him the artillery.
The movement will not be made until further orders, when Gn’l Field will be specifically instructed to retire his line as afore stated. This will be the signal for the officers to execute their movement.
Orders will be given for the withdrawal of the Artillery a little before the order for Gn’l Field movement.
By command of
Lt Gn’ Lonstreet
W.H. Palmer
Aag
------------------------------------------
N Va. Cav Div
April 7th 1865
Gen:
My success is complete.
I have captured everything except a few cavy that escaped by swimming the River- I killed the Yankee Gen Reid- Dearing is wounded- Major Thompson & Knoff and Col. Boston are killed- My loss however is slight- Half dozen Ambulances & all the armes have fallen into my hands.
Mu Comd is very much fatigued, and if possible should rest the remainder of the day.
Let me hear from you at once if you pleass- I will wait here till I hear from you.
Very Respy
Thos L Rosser
Maj G
Gen Longstreet
Please send Mahone
------------------------------------------------
3 ¼ pm 8th April
General,
General Lee directs me to say that there is no water on which you can encamp until you reach the one of the headwaters of the Appomattox about half a mile south of Day’s House, Gordon has gone two miles and a half beyond the stream mentioned. If you will let your troops know that they have but a short distance to march, they will move briskly and you will be able to get them a good rest and an opportunity to cook their suppers. The Gen. is now just south of the creek on which he wishes you to encamp and desires to see you if you can come.
Very resp yours ob serv
C. Marshall
Lt Col & aag
Lt. Gen. Longstreet
------------------------------------------------
Hdqrs
1st Army Corps
April 9th 1865
Circular
Gen Comdrs will prepare immediately list of the names & rank of each officer and man of their command for the purpose of completing the parole agreed upon today between Comdg offs of the C. S and U.S Armies.
Officers and men will be allowed to go to their homes and remain until regularly exchanged, carrying with them all private property.
Mahone
Field
Pickett
Comdg off Kershaw’s Div
Heth
Wilcox
Alexander
On the envelope (signed by)
Genl Order shown to
Maj Gen Field
Heth
Mahone
Wilcox
NOTE: the lines seperate the orders.
On the road to Farmeville
April 6th 1865
General,
I have the honor to report that telegraphic communication is open to Farmville to Lynchburg No enemy has been to the former and none reported to be in that vicinity.
M.W. Gary
Brig Gen
Lt Genl Longstreet
Comdg Corps 1
---------------------------------------------------
Hd Qu’rs Longstreet’s Corp
April 7-1865
Gol W.H. Taylor
A.A.G. A.N.Va
I desire you to know whether there is any cavalry on this side & if there is that you will order it to report to me- What effect will the presence of the enemy on my flank make on my movements?
Very Respectfully
(Sgd)) Jas Longstreet
Lieut Genl
Official
W.H. Palmer
a.a.g.
(ON REVERSE)
Lieut Col. W.H. Taylor
A.A.Gnl
ANVa
General,
There is cavalry here, not the whole, but Gen Fitz Lee is here fighting the enemy’s cavalry with part of his & has driven it back & captured Gen Gregg.
The other cavalry under WH Lee is on your left flank, Fitz Lee being on your right.
Very Respy
RE Lee
Gn
---------------------------------------------------
Hq Qurs Longstreets Command
April 7 1865
This command will be withdrawn by retiring Field’s front to the hight ground in rear of the road. As he retires Gn’l Mahone will retire his right and Gen’l’s Heth & Wilcox their left. After Gn’l Fields has taken his new position Heth Wilcox & Mahone will withdraw their commands by filing around below this postion of Gn’l Fields, retiring by the rout taken by the Army & opposite the rear of Gn’l Fields center. The Artillery on the line will be withdrawn first and placed near the rout by which we are to follow the Army.
As soon as Gen’ls Heth, Wilcox,& Mahone have taken up the line of march in the rear of Gn’l Field and passed sufficiently far to allow Gn’l Field to file off to the rear, Gn’l Field will follow the march bringing with him the artillery.
The movement will not be made until further orders, when Gn’l Field will be specifically instructed to retire his line as afore stated. This will be the signal for the officers to execute their movement.
Orders will be given for the withdrawal of the Artillery a little before the order for Gn’l Field movement.
By command of
Lt Gn’ Lonstreet
W.H. Palmer
Aag
------------------------------------------
N Va. Cav Div
April 7th 1865
Gen:
My success is complete.
I have captured everything except a few cavy that escaped by swimming the River- I killed the Yankee Gen Reid- Dearing is wounded- Major Thompson & Knoff and Col. Boston are killed- My loss however is slight- Half dozen Ambulances & all the armes have fallen into my hands.
Mu Comd is very much fatigued, and if possible should rest the remainder of the day.
Let me hear from you at once if you pleass- I will wait here till I hear from you.
Very Respy
Thos L Rosser
Maj G
Gen Longstreet
Please send Mahone
------------------------------------------------
3 ¼ pm 8th April
General,
General Lee directs me to say that there is no water on which you can encamp until you reach the one of the headwaters of the Appomattox about half a mile south of Day’s House, Gordon has gone two miles and a half beyond the stream mentioned. If you will let your troops know that they have but a short distance to march, they will move briskly and you will be able to get them a good rest and an opportunity to cook their suppers. The Gen. is now just south of the creek on which he wishes you to encamp and desires to see you if you can come.
Very resp yours ob serv
C. Marshall
Lt Col & aag
Lt. Gen. Longstreet
------------------------------------------------
Hdqrs
1st Army Corps
April 9th 1865
Circular
Gen Comdrs will prepare immediately list of the names & rank of each officer and man of their command for the purpose of completing the parole agreed upon today between Comdg offs of the C. S and U.S Armies.
Officers and men will be allowed to go to their homes and remain until regularly exchanged, carrying with them all private property.
Mahone
Field
Pickett
Comdg off Kershaw’s Div
Heth
Wilcox
Alexander
On the envelope (signed by)
Genl Order shown to
Maj Gen Field
Heth
Mahone
Wilcox
Monday, January 16, 2012
April 6th
Amelia Springs
6th April 4 ½ AM
General,
I desire you to move this morning to Rice’s Station as soon as practicable, hold that point, dispose your troops so as to allow the rest of the column to close upon you as far as possible, and try to accumulate provisions from the country & from Farmville. As you find the troops coming up, you can at the proper time move onto P. Ed. C.H. If you find it necessary to go through Farmville to reach P. Ed. C.H. the trains can supply themselves with provisions in passing through Farmville.
Very respy
Your obt Servt
R E Lee
General Longstreet
Gen1
6th April 4 ½ AM
General,
I desire you to move this morning to Rice’s Station as soon as practicable, hold that point, dispose your troops so as to allow the rest of the column to close upon you as far as possible, and try to accumulate provisions from the country & from Farmville. As you find the troops coming up, you can at the proper time move onto P. Ed. C.H. If you find it necessary to go through Farmville to reach P. Ed. C.H. the trains can supply themselves with provisions in passing through Farmville.
Very respy
Your obt Servt
R E Lee
General Longstreet
Gen1
Friday, January 13, 2012
A surgeon's asst. on a bridge?
I just had to share this. I am studying the 36th Wisconsin Infantry in preparation for a program I am presenting at the Kenosha Civil War Museum. I came across, at the WHS of course, an account from Walter Osgood Hart of the 36th, a surgeon’s assistant. In his section on 2nd Corps(his corps) movement to Deep Botom he offers the following explanation of his being a part of an image that was taken of the Deep Bottom Bridge. I’ve posted what I think is the photo above. Enjoy. NOTE: He calls himself the Plodder.
“That night, just before it began to get dark. Plodder was down by the pontoon bridge. Three or four others were there. A man came with a camera and was looking for a suitable place to stand it. The men talked with him, and he told them he was going to take a picture of the bridge, and they could go down on it and have their pictures taken if they wished. Plodder went with them, and while the others sat in the pontoons, he wanted to have it so that if he ever saw the picture he could recognize himself. He stood alone "in the middle of the —" wagon track. Fifty years later he was spending the evening at a home of his son's parishioners. He was shown a book of Civil War pictures, published by the artist who took them, a friend of the man we were visiting. Naturally he was interested, and eagerly viewed the pictures. In the latter part of the book he came upon a picture of the pontoon bridge across the James River, and there he saw himself standing thus conspicuously. He was sure it was the picture of himself because on his head was the hat he bought when in camp at Madison, Wisconsin. And so, gentle reader, if you ever come across that book, and see that picture you may be sure Plodder was there.”
“That night, just before it began to get dark. Plodder was down by the pontoon bridge. Three or four others were there. A man came with a camera and was looking for a suitable place to stand it. The men talked with him, and he told them he was going to take a picture of the bridge, and they could go down on it and have their pictures taken if they wished. Plodder went with them, and while the others sat in the pontoons, he wanted to have it so that if he ever saw the picture he could recognize himself. He stood alone "in the middle of the —" wagon track. Fifty years later he was spending the evening at a home of his son's parishioners. He was shown a book of Civil War pictures, published by the artist who took them, a friend of the man we were visiting. Naturally he was interested, and eagerly viewed the pictures. In the latter part of the book he came upon a picture of the pontoon bridge across the James River, and there he saw himself standing thus conspicuously. He was sure it was the picture of himself because on his head was the hat he bought when in camp at Madison, Wisconsin. And so, gentle reader, if you ever come across that book, and see that picture you may be sure Plodder was there.”
Appomattox orders
I finally transcribed the orders I found at the Wisconsin HIstorical Society earlier this year. They are all confederate and cover the time from April 4 through April 9 of 1865. Enjoy.
Army of No Va
G. Qua rs 1 Army Corps
April 4, 1865
Gen Orders
No.
The Chief of Artillery will make arrangements at once to select a sufficient number of guns for each Corps to accompany the troops in the field. The remaining guns will be sent by rail if practicable from Amelia CH to Danville or to some point south of it. The horses of the guns with the troops will be reinforced from these.
The Chief of Qr. Mr. will make similar selections among the wagons and teams designating such as will be necessary to accompany the troops in the present reduced condition of the Army. The remaining wagons with weaker teams and all trains not needed with troops will proceed on the road from Thunstall’s Station via Painesville & Farmville on some other roads west of this, and across Staunton River at Cole’s Ferry or some other Ferry higher up,& thence on across the Dan River west of Danville into western North Carolina.
The weaker Artillery if it cannot be shipped by Rail, will proceed by the same route. A good officer will be placed in charge of the wagons and another in charge of the Artillery, who will have authority to impress such supplies as will be necessary and such fresh animals for the wagons and guns as are needed if they cannot be otherwise obtained leaving broken down animals in exchange.
By orders of Gen Lee
Sdg C. S. Venable
Aag
Official
Latrobe
Aag
Maj Gen G. E. Pickett
Army of No Va
G. Qua rs 1 Army Corps
April 4, 1865
Gen Orders
No.
The Chief of Artillery will make arrangements at once to select a sufficient number of guns for each Corps to accompany the troops in the field. The remaining guns will be sent by rail if practicable from Amelia CH to Danville or to some point south of it. The horses of the guns with the troops will be reinforced from these.
The Chief of Qr. Mr. will make similar selections among the wagons and teams designating such as will be necessary to accompany the troops in the present reduced condition of the Army. The remaining wagons with weaker teams and all trains not needed with troops will proceed on the road from Thunstall’s Station via Painesville & Farmville on some other roads west of this, and across Staunton River at Cole’s Ferry or some other Ferry higher up,& thence on across the Dan River west of Danville into western North Carolina.
The weaker Artillery if it cannot be shipped by Rail, will proceed by the same route. A good officer will be placed in charge of the wagons and another in charge of the Artillery, who will have authority to impress such supplies as will be necessary and such fresh animals for the wagons and guns as are needed if they cannot be otherwise obtained leaving broken down animals in exchange.
By orders of Gen Lee
Sdg C. S. Venable
Aag
Official
Latrobe
Aag
Maj Gen G. E. Pickett
Friday, January 6, 2012
CHANCELLORSVILLE VISITOR CENTER (9)
Site of Jackson’s wounding and where the May 3rd assault resumed the area around the visitor center was a cauldron of war.
May 2nd
There was every indication of the rout and panic which had occurred. Wagons overturned, broken down gun carriages, loose horses and mules galloping her and there, squads of men gathered, regiment marching and counter marching, batteries galloping a across fields , the shrill tones of the bugle and the loud commands of the officers, indeed the whole line of battle had changed. Instead of facing southward, we were looking westward for the enemy to come down the very plank road which we came on from the Rapidan.
Van R. Willard, 3rd Wisconsin Infantry, Ruger’s Brigade Williams Division, 12th Corps
Confusion of battle and refuting the works being captured by confederates)
Sergeant Foxcroft of Co. G was left in charge of the property belonging to the men of his company. He distinctly saw the firing of the enemy on the right and witnessed the retreat of part of the eleventh corps. He remained in the works until dark when he gathered up all the haversacks, blankets, etc under his charge and piled them around the trunk of a tree about ten o’clock he noticed a body of troops, perhaps two regiments passing in front of the works. They approached him and the officer in command asked him where the line was. He cautioned the officer not to go too far to the right as the enemy were only about two hundred yards away. He(officer) proceeded in that direction however and drew fire from the enemy. Returning he again came to the sergeant and after asking him about the formation of the line started of in the direction of the twelfth corps, when he was checked by a severe fire from our line who mistook the troops for the enemy. The officer then went back to the works and halted his command and excitedly asked what troops those were. He (Foxcroft) was informed that they were part of Third Corps who had been sent to support the Eleventh Corps and the officer in command did not know until informed by Sergeant Foxcroft of the retreat of Howards (11th corps) troops.
Samuel Toombs, 13th New Jersey, Ruger’s Brigade, William’s Division, 12th Corps
I happened to hear of it that night, but it was not known to may of the soldiers. I was standing near some officers who were on horseback and heard them say something about general Jackson being wounded, and it surprised me so much that I stepped up to them and asked them if he was wounded badly. One of them replied that he was slightly wounded and told them to go back to my command.
John O Casler, 33rd Virginia
Stacked arms, made fires and ate supper which was taken from the Yanks, the best in some time. Crackers, ham and coffee. The Yanks had 8 days rations with them, 5 in the knapsack and 3 in the haversack.
Samuel Pickens Company D 5th Alabama
Jackson Wounded
The moon had risen, but her rays were rendered intermittent by scudding clouds. The darkness, the tangled undergrowth of the forest and the entrenchments and artillery of the enemy combined to arrest our progress. Those cannon of which I have spoken shelled the woods in which we lay, and what a cannonade it was! The trees and bushes trembled, the air was laden with the sulphurous fumes, the very earth seemed to quake under the impulse of exploding shells. There was however. More noise than execution; only one man of my company was struck, and his broken jaw was bout up by my handkerchief.
Captain Wayland Fuller Dunaway, 40th Virginia Infantry, Brockenbraugh’s Brigade, Heth’s Division
An Eyewitness Account of Stonewall Jackson's Wounding
H[ea]d Q[ua]r[ter]s 2nd Army Corps
[?] May 1863
Col. C. J. Faulkner,
A.A. Gen.
Sir,
At your request I will endeavor to give you a correct account of the manner in which Gen. [Thomas J.] Jackson was wounded. Gen. J. attacked the enemy in the rear near the Wilderness Church on the evening of the 2nd of May and drove the enemy before him till about 9 o'clock p.m. when the firing ceased. The road on which we were advancing ran nearly due east & west & our line extended across this road & at right angles to it, our front being towards Chancellorsville or facing east. The gallant [Brig. Gen. Robert E.] Rodes with his veterans drove the enemy at the rate of nearly two miles per hour, and cheer after cheer rent the air as our victorious columns drove the enemy from his chosen position. I have never seen Gen. J. seem so well pleased with his success as that evening—he was in unusually fine sprits and every time he heard the cheering of our men which is ever the signal of victory—he raised his right hand a few seconds as if in acknowledgement of the blessing and to return thanks to God for the victory. About 9 o'clock the firing ceased and all seemed quiet and Gen. J. ordered Maj. Gen. A. P. Hill to the front to relieve Gen. Rodes whose command had been engaged all the evening and who was consequently ordered back to the rear to rest his troops. Gen. J. now rode to the front and meeting Gen. R. said to him "Gen. I congratulate you and your command for your gallant conduct and I shall take pleasure in giving you a good name in my report," and rode on to the front passing Gen. Hill, who was in front getting his command in position & fortifying his line—Gen. J. ordered Capt. [James K.] Boswell, his Chief Engineer to report to Gen. Hill for orders and sent Capt. [James P.] Smith, his aide-de-camp off with orders. Maj. [Alexander S.] Pendleton, A. A. Gen. had previously been sent off with orders. I had just returned from carrying an order and had just reported that his order had been delivered, when he replied as is his custom "very good." So there was no one left with Gen. J at this time, but myself and Messrs. Wm. E. Cunliffe & W. T. Wynn of the Signal Corps, and Capt. [William F.] Randolph in charge of the few couriers present. Gen. J with this escort was now at about fifty or sixty yards more or less distance in advance of Gen. Hill who was in advance of his troops. Gen. [James H.] Lane's Brigade extended across the road just in the rear of Gen. Hill, and commended firing at us from the right for some cause I suppose taking us for the enemy and the firing extended unexpectedly along his whole line. When the firing commenced all our horses had been frightened and started off—some moving into the enemy's lines. At the first fire some of the horses were shot from under their riders and several persons killed or wounded. Mr. Cunliffe of the Signal Corps fell in a few feet of Gen. J., mortally wounded. Gen. J.'s horse dashed off in the opposite direction, that is to the left, at the first firing, as did all of the escort who escaped this fire & who could control their horses. I was at Gen. J.'s left side & kept there. When we had gotten about fifteen or twenty paces to the left of the road, we came up in a few yards of the troops of this same Brigade on the left of the road and received their fire, as the fire had by that time extended to the extreme left of the Brigade and it was by this last fire that Gen. J. was struck in three places, viz, in the left arm half way between the elbow & shoulder, in the left wrist, and in the palm of the right hand. The troops who fired at us did not appear to be more than thirty yards off, as I could see them though it was after 9 o'clock P.M. He held his reins in his left hand which immediately dropped by his side and his horse perfectly frantic dashed back into the road, passing under the limb of a tree which took off his cap, and ran down the road towards the enemy. I followed, losing my cap at the same bush—but before I could catch his horse & when about fifty yards from where he was wounded, he succeeded in getting his reins in his right hand—also disabled—and turned his head towards our lines and he then ran up the road. We were now so far in advance of our troops as to be out of their range. Just as his horse got within twenty paces of where we were first fired at—Mr. Wynn & myself succeeded in catching his horse and stopping him. The firing had now ceased and no one was in sight—save we three—Gen. J. looked up the road towards our troops apparently much surprised at being fired at from that direction, but said nothing. Just then Mr. Wynn saw a man on horseback near by and told him to "ride back & see what troops those are," pointing in the direction of our troops and he rode off at once—I then remarked, "those certainly must be our troops" and looked at Gen. J. to see what he would say, but he said nothing, though seemed to nodded assent to my remark. He continued looking up the road, standing perfectly still and uttered not a word till Mr. Wynn asked him if he was hurt much, when he replied "severely." I saw something must be done at once, and as I did not know whether he could ride back into our lines, I asked, "Gen. are you hurt very badly," he replied, "I fear my arm is broken." I then asked, "where are you struck," said he, "about half way between the elbow and shoulder." I asked, "Gen. are your hurt any where else," he replied, "yes, a slight wound in the right hand." I did not think from his looks that he could ride back into our lines for I saw he was growing very weak from loss of blood, nor did I know but what that same Brigade would fire at us again if we approached their line from that directions as we were then directly between our friends and the enemy, and if any difference nearest the enemy, and I was fearful the enemy might come up and demand our surrender as there was nothing to prevent it. I could not tolerate for one moment the idea of his falling into the enemy's hands. I then asked the question, "Gen. what should I do for you" when he said, "I wish you would see if my arm is bleeding much." I immediately dismounted, remarking, "try to work your fingers, if you can move your fingers at all the arm is not broken," when he tried & commented, "yes it is broken, I can't work my fingers." I then caught hold of his wrist and could feel the blood on his sleeve and gauntlet, and saw he was growing weak rapidly. I said, "Gen. I will have to rip your sleeve to get at your wound"—he had on an india rubber overcoat—and he replied "well you had better take me down too," at the same time leaning his body towards me—and I caught hold of him—he then said "take me off on the other side." I was then on the side of the broken arm & Mr. Wynn on the other. I replied and started to straighten on his horse to take him off on the other side, when he said "no, go ahead" and fell into my arms prostrated. Mr. Wynn took the right foot out of his stirrup & came around to my side to assist in extricating the left foot while I held him in my arms and we carried him a little ways out of the road to prevent our troops or any one who might come along the road from seeing him, as I considered it necessary to conceal the fact of his being wounded from our own troops, if possible. We laid him down on his back under a little tree with his head resting on my right leg for a pillow, and proceeded to cut open his sleeve with my knife. I sent Mr. Wynn at once for Dr. [Hunter] McGuire & an ambulance as soon as I ripped up the india rubber, I said to him that I would have to cut off most of his sleeve, when he said "that is right, cut away every thing." I then took off his opera glass & haversack which were in my way—remarking, "that it was most remarkable that any of us had escaped alive" & he said "yes it is providential." I was then under the impression that all the rest of the party accompanying him had been killed or wounded, which was not far from the truth. Gen. J. then said to me "Capt. I wish you would get me a skilful surgeon." I said "I have sent for Dr. McGuire and also an ambulance, as I am anxious to get you away as soon as possible, but as Dr. McGuire may be some distance off, I will get the nearest Surgeon to be found, in case you should need immediate attention," and seeing Gen. Hill approaching the spot where we were, I continued "there comes Gen. Hill, I will see if he can't furnish a Surgeon," and as Gen. H rode up, I said "Gen. H have you a surgeon with you, Gen. J. is wounded"—said Gen. H. "I can get you one" and turned to Capt. B[enjamin] W. Leigh who was acting aid de camp to him and told him to go to Gen. [Dorsey] Pender & bring his surgeon. Gen. H. dismounted and came to where Gen. J. was and said "Gen. I hope you are not badly hurt." Gen. J. "my arm is broken." Gen. H. "Do you suffer much." Gen. J. "it is very painful." Gen. Hill pulled off his gloves which were full of blood, and supported his elbow and hand, while I tied a handkerchief around the wound. The ball passed through the arm, which was very much swollen, but did not seem to be bleeding at all then, so I said, "Gen. it seems to have ceased bleeding, I will first tie a handkerchief tight around the arm" to which he said, "very good." I then said, "I will make a sling to support your arm," to which he replied, "if you please." About this time the Surgeon of Pender's Brigade, Dr. [Richard R.] Barr came up and Gen. Hill announced his presence to Gen. J. & Gen. H. offered a tourniquet to fold around the arm but as it was not bleeding at the time and seemed to be doing very well, it was not put on. The Surgeon went off a few minutes for some thing & Gen. J. then asked in a whisper "is that man a skillful surgeon." Gen. H. said, "he stands high in his Brigade, but he does not propose doing any thing—he is only here in case you should require immediate aid of a surgeon or till Dr. McGuire reaches you" Gen. J. "very good. ‘At this time Capt. [Richard H. T.] Adams, signal officer offered Gen. Hill whiskey for Gen. J.—which Gen. H. asked him to drink. He hesitated and I also asked him to drink it, adding that it would help him very much. Gen. J. "had you not better put some water with it"—which was the cause of his hesitation. Gen. H. and I both insisted on his drinking it so and taking water after it, which he did. I then said "Gen. let me pour this water over your wound," to which he said "yes, if you please, pour it so as to wet the cloth," which I did & asked "what can I do for your right hand" Gen. J. "don't mind that it is not a matter of minor consequence—I can use my fingers & it is not very painful." About this time Lts. Smith & [Joseph G.] Morrison came up and Lt. Smith unbuckled his sword & took it off. About this time Capt. Adams halted two Yankee skirmishers in a few yards of where Gen. J. lay and demanded their surrender. They remarked, "we were not aware that we were in your lines." Gen. Hill seeing this immediately hurried off to take command, saying to Gen. Jackson that he would conceal the fact of his being wounded. Gen. J. said, " yes, if you please." Lt. Morrison then reported that the enemy were in a hundred yards and advancing & said, "let us take the Gen. away as soon as possible." Some one then proposed that we take him in our arms, which Gen. J. said, "no, if you will help me up, I can walk." He was immediately raised and started off on foot with Capt. Leigh on his right side and some one, I am not sure who was on the left side to support him. When he walked a few paces he was placed on a litter borne by Capt. Leigh, Jno J. Johnson and two others whose names I am not certain of. Jno. J. Johnson of Co. "H" 22 Va. Battalion was wounded while performing this duty and his arm afterwards amputated at the socket. I could take no part in bearing the litter as I had not sufficient strength in my right arm to assist, in consequence of a wound received in a previous engagement, so I got on my horse and rode between Gen. J. and the troops who were moving down the road, to prevent if possible them seeing him and was leading a horse belonging to one of the litter bearers, which I also endeavored to keep between him & the troops in order to screen him more effectively. These troops seemed very anxious to see who it was that was wounded, they kept trying to see and asking me who it was, and seemed to think it was some Yankee officer as he was being brought from the front of our lines. To all of these questions I simply answered, "it is only a friend of mine." Gen. J. said "Capt. when asked just say it is a Confederate officer." One man was so determined to see who it was that he walked around me in spite of all I could do to prevent it & exclaimed in the most pitiful tone, "Great God that is old Gen. Jackson," when I said to him, "you mistake it is only a Confederate officer—a friend of mine." He looked at me in doubt & wanted to believe but passed on without saying any more. As soon as Gen. J. was place in the litter the enemy opened a terrific fire of musketry, shell, grape & C. which continued for about half an hour—to all of which Gen. J. was exposed. One of the litter bearers had his arm broken but did not let the litter fall—then another man just after this, fell with the litter, in consequence of getting his foot tangled in a vine. It was entirely accidental & he expressed great regret at it. Gen. J. rolled out & fell on his broken arm, causing it to commence bleeding again and very much bruising his side. He gave several most pitiful groans—but previous to this he made no complaint and gave no evidence of suffering much. After this he asked several times for sprits, which it was very difficult to get. He was much in need of a stimulant at this time as he was losing blood very fast. I went to a Yankee hospital near by and tried to get some sprits for him from their surgeons, but they had none. At this time Dr. McGuire & Maj. Pendleton got up & Dr. McGuire found him in an ambulance very much exhausted from loss of blood & he gave him some sprits—which seemed to revive him somewhat. He was then carried in the ambulance a mile or two to the rear. Just here Maj. P said to me "Capt W., Gen. Hill is slightly wounded in the leg and Gen. Rodes is in command & requests me to send for Gen. Lee & ask him to come here. I wish you would go to Gen. [Robert E.] Lee with this intelligence and send for Gen. [J. E. B.] Stuart. There are a plenty here to take care of Gen. J & you have done all you could do." I asked Capt. Randolph of the couriers to go for Gen. Stuart and he started for Gen. Stuart. I reached Gen. Lee about an hour before day and found him laying on the ground [a]sleep but as soon as I spoke to Maj. [Walter H.] Taylor, he asked who it was & when told, he told me to come & take a seat by him & give him all the news. After telling of the fight & victory, I told him Gen. J. was wounded—describing the wound—then he said, "thank God it is no worse, God be praised that he is yet alive." He then asked me some questions about the fight & said "Capt. any victory is dearly bought that deprives us of the services of Jackson even temporarily." When I returned to Gen J. his arm had been amputated & he was doing well.
Respectfully
R. E. Wilbourn
Capt. & Chief Signal Officer
2nd Army Corps http://www.vahistorical.org/jacksonwounding.htm
May 3rd attack
We charged through the wilderness about half a mile and halted behind the breastworks built by the enemy the night before. As soon as we passed the first line of breastworks which the enemy had built and had been driven from, the men on my right and left and front were falling rapidly. As I was advancing, one of my company was shot right in front of me. I passed over him but saw that he was dead by the time he struck the ground. Some of the company would holler out to me that they were wounded, what they must do, etc. I would tell them to get to the rear. I could not stop to care for these poor fellows.
William Norman, 2nd North Carolina, Ramsuer’s Brigade, Rodes Division, Jackson’s Corps
We lay here only a few moments. General Ramsuer sprang upon a log and gave the command, forward and charge them boys, charge them!” We gave a cheer and rushed across the line of breastworks. Our ranks were so thinned by this that we could not hold our position very long, but reinforcements came up, and again the enemy was driven form his strong position in confusion. Our brigade fell back to reform and let fresh troops take our place
During the assault Colonel Edwards walked on top of the works waving his sword to encourage the men and was shot through the shoulder. When he was brought back I helped him out of the ambulance and expressed sympathy for him which caused him to shed tears but he said nothing. Colonel Perrin was brought back shot through the body and General McGowen was struck below knee while standing upon the works.
Spencer Glasgow Welch, 13th South Carolina Surgeon, McGowan’s Brigade, AP Hills Division, Jackson’s Corps
The next morning every one knew that the most terrible battle of the war must begin. We marched slowly down the road, all the time under fire of several batteries of the enemy. We at first went on the left of the plank road, thinking that the main body of the enemy were posted there but soon we found out from the pressure on our right that it was the enemy’s strongest point so we had to cross the road covered by the enemy’s cannon… General Paxton was shot through the heart from which he died shortly afterwards. A piece of shell struck my knapsack, but was too spent to hurt me. We went about a quarter mile to the left and took position behind the front line of the enemy’s breastwork from which they had just before been driven. As soon as we were in line, our guns primed and bayonets fixed, General Stuart called out the old stonewall brigade to follow, we went over the breastworks with a yell which was answered by a shower of leaden hail. Feeling that perhaps at the time prayers were going up at home for our protection I became almost unconscious of danger though me were falling fast and thick around me. We halted and commenced firing at the enemy about one hundred yards distant. Colonel Terry gave the order to fall back.
Ted Barclay 4th Virginia, (Paxton’s Stonewall) Brigade
Two confederate batteries galloped up to our line, and , unlimbering, opened upon the battery in the yard( Chancellor Yard) at close range. There were in the southern army many soldiers in their teens, but here at one of the guns labored a boy who was, as I guessed from his size, not more than twelve years old. It was his part to fire the gun by pulling the lanyard, and as often as he did it he playfully rolled over backwards. Boys will be boys.
Captain Wayland Fuller Dunaway, 40th Virginia Infantry, Brockenbraugh’s Brigade, Heth’s Division
May 2nd
There was every indication of the rout and panic which had occurred. Wagons overturned, broken down gun carriages, loose horses and mules galloping her and there, squads of men gathered, regiment marching and counter marching, batteries galloping a across fields , the shrill tones of the bugle and the loud commands of the officers, indeed the whole line of battle had changed. Instead of facing southward, we were looking westward for the enemy to come down the very plank road which we came on from the Rapidan.
Van R. Willard, 3rd Wisconsin Infantry, Ruger’s Brigade Williams Division, 12th Corps
Confusion of battle and refuting the works being captured by confederates)
Sergeant Foxcroft of Co. G was left in charge of the property belonging to the men of his company. He distinctly saw the firing of the enemy on the right and witnessed the retreat of part of the eleventh corps. He remained in the works until dark when he gathered up all the haversacks, blankets, etc under his charge and piled them around the trunk of a tree about ten o’clock he noticed a body of troops, perhaps two regiments passing in front of the works. They approached him and the officer in command asked him where the line was. He cautioned the officer not to go too far to the right as the enemy were only about two hundred yards away. He(officer) proceeded in that direction however and drew fire from the enemy. Returning he again came to the sergeant and after asking him about the formation of the line started of in the direction of the twelfth corps, when he was checked by a severe fire from our line who mistook the troops for the enemy. The officer then went back to the works and halted his command and excitedly asked what troops those were. He (Foxcroft) was informed that they were part of Third Corps who had been sent to support the Eleventh Corps and the officer in command did not know until informed by Sergeant Foxcroft of the retreat of Howards (11th corps) troops.
Samuel Toombs, 13th New Jersey, Ruger’s Brigade, William’s Division, 12th Corps
I happened to hear of it that night, but it was not known to may of the soldiers. I was standing near some officers who were on horseback and heard them say something about general Jackson being wounded, and it surprised me so much that I stepped up to them and asked them if he was wounded badly. One of them replied that he was slightly wounded and told them to go back to my command.
John O Casler, 33rd Virginia
Stacked arms, made fires and ate supper which was taken from the Yanks, the best in some time. Crackers, ham and coffee. The Yanks had 8 days rations with them, 5 in the knapsack and 3 in the haversack.
Samuel Pickens Company D 5th Alabama
Jackson Wounded
The moon had risen, but her rays were rendered intermittent by scudding clouds. The darkness, the tangled undergrowth of the forest and the entrenchments and artillery of the enemy combined to arrest our progress. Those cannon of which I have spoken shelled the woods in which we lay, and what a cannonade it was! The trees and bushes trembled, the air was laden with the sulphurous fumes, the very earth seemed to quake under the impulse of exploding shells. There was however. More noise than execution; only one man of my company was struck, and his broken jaw was bout up by my handkerchief.
Captain Wayland Fuller Dunaway, 40th Virginia Infantry, Brockenbraugh’s Brigade, Heth’s Division
An Eyewitness Account of Stonewall Jackson's Wounding
H[ea]d Q[ua]r[ter]s 2nd Army Corps
[?] May 1863
Col. C. J. Faulkner,
A.A. Gen.
Sir,
At your request I will endeavor to give you a correct account of the manner in which Gen. [Thomas J.] Jackson was wounded. Gen. J. attacked the enemy in the rear near the Wilderness Church on the evening of the 2nd of May and drove the enemy before him till about 9 o'clock p.m. when the firing ceased. The road on which we were advancing ran nearly due east & west & our line extended across this road & at right angles to it, our front being towards Chancellorsville or facing east. The gallant [Brig. Gen. Robert E.] Rodes with his veterans drove the enemy at the rate of nearly two miles per hour, and cheer after cheer rent the air as our victorious columns drove the enemy from his chosen position. I have never seen Gen. J. seem so well pleased with his success as that evening—he was in unusually fine sprits and every time he heard the cheering of our men which is ever the signal of victory—he raised his right hand a few seconds as if in acknowledgement of the blessing and to return thanks to God for the victory. About 9 o'clock the firing ceased and all seemed quiet and Gen. J. ordered Maj. Gen. A. P. Hill to the front to relieve Gen. Rodes whose command had been engaged all the evening and who was consequently ordered back to the rear to rest his troops. Gen. J. now rode to the front and meeting Gen. R. said to him "Gen. I congratulate you and your command for your gallant conduct and I shall take pleasure in giving you a good name in my report," and rode on to the front passing Gen. Hill, who was in front getting his command in position & fortifying his line—Gen. J. ordered Capt. [James K.] Boswell, his Chief Engineer to report to Gen. Hill for orders and sent Capt. [James P.] Smith, his aide-de-camp off with orders. Maj. [Alexander S.] Pendleton, A. A. Gen. had previously been sent off with orders. I had just returned from carrying an order and had just reported that his order had been delivered, when he replied as is his custom "very good." So there was no one left with Gen. J at this time, but myself and Messrs. Wm. E. Cunliffe & W. T. Wynn of the Signal Corps, and Capt. [William F.] Randolph in charge of the few couriers present. Gen. J with this escort was now at about fifty or sixty yards more or less distance in advance of Gen. Hill who was in advance of his troops. Gen. [James H.] Lane's Brigade extended across the road just in the rear of Gen. Hill, and commended firing at us from the right for some cause I suppose taking us for the enemy and the firing extended unexpectedly along his whole line. When the firing commenced all our horses had been frightened and started off—some moving into the enemy's lines. At the first fire some of the horses were shot from under their riders and several persons killed or wounded. Mr. Cunliffe of the Signal Corps fell in a few feet of Gen. J., mortally wounded. Gen. J.'s horse dashed off in the opposite direction, that is to the left, at the first firing, as did all of the escort who escaped this fire & who could control their horses. I was at Gen. J.'s left side & kept there. When we had gotten about fifteen or twenty paces to the left of the road, we came up in a few yards of the troops of this same Brigade on the left of the road and received their fire, as the fire had by that time extended to the extreme left of the Brigade and it was by this last fire that Gen. J. was struck in three places, viz, in the left arm half way between the elbow & shoulder, in the left wrist, and in the palm of the right hand. The troops who fired at us did not appear to be more than thirty yards off, as I could see them though it was after 9 o'clock P.M. He held his reins in his left hand which immediately dropped by his side and his horse perfectly frantic dashed back into the road, passing under the limb of a tree which took off his cap, and ran down the road towards the enemy. I followed, losing my cap at the same bush—but before I could catch his horse & when about fifty yards from where he was wounded, he succeeded in getting his reins in his right hand—also disabled—and turned his head towards our lines and he then ran up the road. We were now so far in advance of our troops as to be out of their range. Just as his horse got within twenty paces of where we were first fired at—Mr. Wynn & myself succeeded in catching his horse and stopping him. The firing had now ceased and no one was in sight—save we three—Gen. J. looked up the road towards our troops apparently much surprised at being fired at from that direction, but said nothing. Just then Mr. Wynn saw a man on horseback near by and told him to "ride back & see what troops those are," pointing in the direction of our troops and he rode off at once—I then remarked, "those certainly must be our troops" and looked at Gen. J. to see what he would say, but he said nothing, though seemed to nodded assent to my remark. He continued looking up the road, standing perfectly still and uttered not a word till Mr. Wynn asked him if he was hurt much, when he replied "severely." I saw something must be done at once, and as I did not know whether he could ride back into our lines, I asked, "Gen. are you hurt very badly," he replied, "I fear my arm is broken." I then asked, "where are you struck," said he, "about half way between the elbow and shoulder." I asked, "Gen. are your hurt any where else," he replied, "yes, a slight wound in the right hand." I did not think from his looks that he could ride back into our lines for I saw he was growing very weak from loss of blood, nor did I know but what that same Brigade would fire at us again if we approached their line from that directions as we were then directly between our friends and the enemy, and if any difference nearest the enemy, and I was fearful the enemy might come up and demand our surrender as there was nothing to prevent it. I could not tolerate for one moment the idea of his falling into the enemy's hands. I then asked the question, "Gen. what should I do for you" when he said, "I wish you would see if my arm is bleeding much." I immediately dismounted, remarking, "try to work your fingers, if you can move your fingers at all the arm is not broken," when he tried & commented, "yes it is broken, I can't work my fingers." I then caught hold of his wrist and could feel the blood on his sleeve and gauntlet, and saw he was growing weak rapidly. I said, "Gen. I will have to rip your sleeve to get at your wound"—he had on an india rubber overcoat—and he replied "well you had better take me down too," at the same time leaning his body towards me—and I caught hold of him—he then said "take me off on the other side." I was then on the side of the broken arm & Mr. Wynn on the other. I replied and started to straighten on his horse to take him off on the other side, when he said "no, go ahead" and fell into my arms prostrated. Mr. Wynn took the right foot out of his stirrup & came around to my side to assist in extricating the left foot while I held him in my arms and we carried him a little ways out of the road to prevent our troops or any one who might come along the road from seeing him, as I considered it necessary to conceal the fact of his being wounded from our own troops, if possible. We laid him down on his back under a little tree with his head resting on my right leg for a pillow, and proceeded to cut open his sleeve with my knife. I sent Mr. Wynn at once for Dr. [Hunter] McGuire & an ambulance as soon as I ripped up the india rubber, I said to him that I would have to cut off most of his sleeve, when he said "that is right, cut away every thing." I then took off his opera glass & haversack which were in my way—remarking, "that it was most remarkable that any of us had escaped alive" & he said "yes it is providential." I was then under the impression that all the rest of the party accompanying him had been killed or wounded, which was not far from the truth. Gen. J. then said to me "Capt. I wish you would get me a skilful surgeon." I said "I have sent for Dr. McGuire and also an ambulance, as I am anxious to get you away as soon as possible, but as Dr. McGuire may be some distance off, I will get the nearest Surgeon to be found, in case you should need immediate attention," and seeing Gen. Hill approaching the spot where we were, I continued "there comes Gen. Hill, I will see if he can't furnish a Surgeon," and as Gen. H rode up, I said "Gen. H have you a surgeon with you, Gen. J. is wounded"—said Gen. H. "I can get you one" and turned to Capt. B[enjamin] W. Leigh who was acting aid de camp to him and told him to go to Gen. [Dorsey] Pender & bring his surgeon. Gen. H. dismounted and came to where Gen. J. was and said "Gen. I hope you are not badly hurt." Gen. J. "my arm is broken." Gen. H. "Do you suffer much." Gen. J. "it is very painful." Gen. Hill pulled off his gloves which were full of blood, and supported his elbow and hand, while I tied a handkerchief around the wound. The ball passed through the arm, which was very much swollen, but did not seem to be bleeding at all then, so I said, "Gen. it seems to have ceased bleeding, I will first tie a handkerchief tight around the arm" to which he said, "very good." I then said, "I will make a sling to support your arm," to which he replied, "if you please." About this time the Surgeon of Pender's Brigade, Dr. [Richard R.] Barr came up and Gen. Hill announced his presence to Gen. J. & Gen. H. offered a tourniquet to fold around the arm but as it was not bleeding at the time and seemed to be doing very well, it was not put on. The Surgeon went off a few minutes for some thing & Gen. J. then asked in a whisper "is that man a skillful surgeon." Gen. H. said, "he stands high in his Brigade, but he does not propose doing any thing—he is only here in case you should require immediate aid of a surgeon or till Dr. McGuire reaches you" Gen. J. "very good. ‘At this time Capt. [Richard H. T.] Adams, signal officer offered Gen. Hill whiskey for Gen. J.—which Gen. H. asked him to drink. He hesitated and I also asked him to drink it, adding that it would help him very much. Gen. J. "had you not better put some water with it"—which was the cause of his hesitation. Gen. H. and I both insisted on his drinking it so and taking water after it, which he did. I then said "Gen. let me pour this water over your wound," to which he said "yes, if you please, pour it so as to wet the cloth," which I did & asked "what can I do for your right hand" Gen. J. "don't mind that it is not a matter of minor consequence—I can use my fingers & it is not very painful." About this time Lts. Smith & [Joseph G.] Morrison came up and Lt. Smith unbuckled his sword & took it off. About this time Capt. Adams halted two Yankee skirmishers in a few yards of where Gen. J. lay and demanded their surrender. They remarked, "we were not aware that we were in your lines." Gen. Hill seeing this immediately hurried off to take command, saying to Gen. Jackson that he would conceal the fact of his being wounded. Gen. J. said, " yes, if you please." Lt. Morrison then reported that the enemy were in a hundred yards and advancing & said, "let us take the Gen. away as soon as possible." Some one then proposed that we take him in our arms, which Gen. J. said, "no, if you will help me up, I can walk." He was immediately raised and started off on foot with Capt. Leigh on his right side and some one, I am not sure who was on the left side to support him. When he walked a few paces he was placed on a litter borne by Capt. Leigh, Jno J. Johnson and two others whose names I am not certain of. Jno. J. Johnson of Co. "H" 22 Va. Battalion was wounded while performing this duty and his arm afterwards amputated at the socket. I could take no part in bearing the litter as I had not sufficient strength in my right arm to assist, in consequence of a wound received in a previous engagement, so I got on my horse and rode between Gen. J. and the troops who were moving down the road, to prevent if possible them seeing him and was leading a horse belonging to one of the litter bearers, which I also endeavored to keep between him & the troops in order to screen him more effectively. These troops seemed very anxious to see who it was that was wounded, they kept trying to see and asking me who it was, and seemed to think it was some Yankee officer as he was being brought from the front of our lines. To all of these questions I simply answered, "it is only a friend of mine." Gen. J. said "Capt. when asked just say it is a Confederate officer." One man was so determined to see who it was that he walked around me in spite of all I could do to prevent it & exclaimed in the most pitiful tone, "Great God that is old Gen. Jackson," when I said to him, "you mistake it is only a Confederate officer—a friend of mine." He looked at me in doubt & wanted to believe but passed on without saying any more. As soon as Gen. J. was place in the litter the enemy opened a terrific fire of musketry, shell, grape & C. which continued for about half an hour—to all of which Gen. J. was exposed. One of the litter bearers had his arm broken but did not let the litter fall—then another man just after this, fell with the litter, in consequence of getting his foot tangled in a vine. It was entirely accidental & he expressed great regret at it. Gen. J. rolled out & fell on his broken arm, causing it to commence bleeding again and very much bruising his side. He gave several most pitiful groans—but previous to this he made no complaint and gave no evidence of suffering much. After this he asked several times for sprits, which it was very difficult to get. He was much in need of a stimulant at this time as he was losing blood very fast. I went to a Yankee hospital near by and tried to get some sprits for him from their surgeons, but they had none. At this time Dr. McGuire & Maj. Pendleton got up & Dr. McGuire found him in an ambulance very much exhausted from loss of blood & he gave him some sprits—which seemed to revive him somewhat. He was then carried in the ambulance a mile or two to the rear. Just here Maj. P said to me "Capt W., Gen. Hill is slightly wounded in the leg and Gen. Rodes is in command & requests me to send for Gen. Lee & ask him to come here. I wish you would go to Gen. [Robert E.] Lee with this intelligence and send for Gen. [J. E. B.] Stuart. There are a plenty here to take care of Gen. J & you have done all you could do." I asked Capt. Randolph of the couriers to go for Gen. Stuart and he started for Gen. Stuart. I reached Gen. Lee about an hour before day and found him laying on the ground [a]sleep but as soon as I spoke to Maj. [Walter H.] Taylor, he asked who it was & when told, he told me to come & take a seat by him & give him all the news. After telling of the fight & victory, I told him Gen. J. was wounded—describing the wound—then he said, "thank God it is no worse, God be praised that he is yet alive." He then asked me some questions about the fight & said "Capt. any victory is dearly bought that deprives us of the services of Jackson even temporarily." When I returned to Gen J. his arm had been amputated & he was doing well.
Respectfully
R. E. Wilbourn
Capt. & Chief Signal Officer
2nd Army Corps http://www.vahistorical.org/jacksonwounding.htm
May 3rd attack
We charged through the wilderness about half a mile and halted behind the breastworks built by the enemy the night before. As soon as we passed the first line of breastworks which the enemy had built and had been driven from, the men on my right and left and front were falling rapidly. As I was advancing, one of my company was shot right in front of me. I passed over him but saw that he was dead by the time he struck the ground. Some of the company would holler out to me that they were wounded, what they must do, etc. I would tell them to get to the rear. I could not stop to care for these poor fellows.
William Norman, 2nd North Carolina, Ramsuer’s Brigade, Rodes Division, Jackson’s Corps
We lay here only a few moments. General Ramsuer sprang upon a log and gave the command, forward and charge them boys, charge them!” We gave a cheer and rushed across the line of breastworks. Our ranks were so thinned by this that we could not hold our position very long, but reinforcements came up, and again the enemy was driven form his strong position in confusion. Our brigade fell back to reform and let fresh troops take our place
During the assault Colonel Edwards walked on top of the works waving his sword to encourage the men and was shot through the shoulder. When he was brought back I helped him out of the ambulance and expressed sympathy for him which caused him to shed tears but he said nothing. Colonel Perrin was brought back shot through the body and General McGowen was struck below knee while standing upon the works.
Spencer Glasgow Welch, 13th South Carolina Surgeon, McGowan’s Brigade, AP Hills Division, Jackson’s Corps
The next morning every one knew that the most terrible battle of the war must begin. We marched slowly down the road, all the time under fire of several batteries of the enemy. We at first went on the left of the plank road, thinking that the main body of the enemy were posted there but soon we found out from the pressure on our right that it was the enemy’s strongest point so we had to cross the road covered by the enemy’s cannon… General Paxton was shot through the heart from which he died shortly afterwards. A piece of shell struck my knapsack, but was too spent to hurt me. We went about a quarter mile to the left and took position behind the front line of the enemy’s breastwork from which they had just before been driven. As soon as we were in line, our guns primed and bayonets fixed, General Stuart called out the old stonewall brigade to follow, we went over the breastworks with a yell which was answered by a shower of leaden hail. Feeling that perhaps at the time prayers were going up at home for our protection I became almost unconscious of danger though me were falling fast and thick around me. We halted and commenced firing at the enemy about one hundred yards distant. Colonel Terry gave the order to fall back.
Ted Barclay 4th Virginia, (Paxton’s Stonewall) Brigade
Two confederate batteries galloped up to our line, and , unlimbering, opened upon the battery in the yard( Chancellor Yard) at close range. There were in the southern army many soldiers in their teens, but here at one of the guns labored a boy who was, as I guessed from his size, not more than twelve years old. It was his part to fire the gun by pulling the lanyard, and as often as he did it he playfully rolled over backwards. Boys will be boys.
Captain Wayland Fuller Dunaway, 40th Virginia Infantry, Brockenbraugh’s Brigade, Heth’s Division
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